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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AASHTO    American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 
ACI       American Concrete Institute
ASME      American Society for Mechanical Engineers
ASTM      American Societyf or Testing and Materials
AWS      American Welding Society 
BOQ      Bill of Ouantities
BS       British Standards
C.C       cement concrete
C.l       cast iron
CBR      California Bearing Ratio
cm       centimetre
CN       curve number(for SCS Unit Hydrograph method)
CPT      cone penetration test
cum      cubic metre
DFD      design flood discharge
DTM      digital terrain model
FAO      Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FDC      flow duration curve (Q-t)
FM       fineness modulus
FRC      flow rating curve (Q-H)
G.l.       galvanized iron
g       Gram
GOA     Government of Afghanistan
HEC      Hydrologic Engineering Center(of USACE) 
HMS      Hydrologic Modeling System
ICOLD     International Commission on Large Dams
IDF       inflow design flood
IDP       Intensity, Duration, Probability (Freguency) Curves 
IRDP      Irrigation Restoration and Development Project
IRR      Irrigation
IS      Indian Standards
ISO      International Organization for Standardization
IWRM     integrated water resource management
kg      Kilogram 
kN       Kilo Newton
kPa      Kilo Pascal
LiDAR     Light Detection and Ranging 
LSI      Large-scale Irrigation
m      Metre 
M.S.      Mild Steel
MAIL     Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation, and Livestock
MDD      maximum dry density
MEW     Ministry of Energyand Water
mm     Millimetre
MPa      Mega Pascal
N      Newton 
N/mm2    MPa
NATM     New AustrianTunnellingMethod
NWARA    National Water Affairs Regulation Authority(formerlyMEW) 
O&M     Operation and Maintenance
PMF      possible maximum flood
PVC      Polyvinyl chloride
RCC      Reinforced Cement Concrete
RCC      Roller Compacted Concrete
RMR      rock mass rating
RUSLE     Revised Universal Soil Loss Eguation
SCS     Soil Conservation Service (U.S. Department of Agriculture)
sl      Systême international (d’unitês) or International system of units 
ToR      Terms of Reference
UH       unit hydrograph
USA      United States ofAmerica
USACE     U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USBR     United States Bureau of Reclamation

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